Medical emergencies are stressful anywhere, but facing one in a foreign country adds layers of complexity—unfamiliar systems, potential language barriers, and uncertainty about costs. The good news: emergency care is available everywhere, and preparation makes a significant difference in how smoothly things go.
This guide covers what you need to know before an emergency happens, how systems work in different countries, and practical steps to take during and after receiving emergency care abroad.
Before an Emergency Happens
The best time to learn about emergency services is before you need them. Taking 30 minutes to prepare can save critical time during an actual emergency.
Essential Preparation Checklist
- Save emergency numbers in your phone with the country code, and know the local equivalent of 911
- Locate nearest hospitals and note which ones have 24-hour emergency departments
- Keep insurance details accessible—your policy number, emergency hotline, and pre-authorization requirements
- Create a medical summary with your conditions, medications, allergies, and blood type in the local language
- Know your embassy's emergency line—they can help locate English-speaking doctors and contact family
Emergency Numbers by Region
Most countries have a single emergency number that connects you to police, fire, and medical services. Some countries have separate numbers for each service.
| Region/Country | Emergency Number | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| European Union | 112 | Works across all EU countries, operators often speak English |
| United Kingdom | 999 or 112 | Both work; 111 for non-emergency medical advice |
| United States | 911 | Covers police, fire, and medical |
| Mexico | 911 | Nationwide since 2017; Red Cross: 065 |
| Japan | 119 (ambulance) | 110 for police; limited English, consider translation app |
| Thailand | 1669 (ambulance) | Tourist police: 1155 (English-speaking) |
| Australia | 000 | 112 from mobiles also works |
| UAE | 998 (ambulance) | 999 for police; English widely spoken |
112 Works Almost Everywhere
The number 112 is programmed into most GSM mobile phones worldwide and will connect you to emergency services even where it's not the official number. It works even without a SIM card or when your phone shows no signal.
What to Expect at a Foreign Emergency Room
Emergency departments worldwide follow similar triage principles—the most urgent cases are seen first, regardless of arrival time. However, the experience can vary significantly by country.
The Triage Process
Upon arrival, you'll be assessed by a triage nurse who determines your priority level. Be honest and specific about your symptoms—this determines how quickly you're seen.
Information They'll Need
- Your symptoms and when they started
- Current medications and allergies
- Existing medical conditions
- Identification (passport)
- Insurance information
What to Bring If Possible
- Phone with translation app
- List of your medications
- Phone charger
- Cash and credit cards
- Someone who can translate
Navigating Language Barriers
Language barriers are one of the biggest challenges in foreign emergency care. Medical staff at major hospitals in tourist areas often speak some English, but you can't count on it.
Practical Solutions
Translation Apps
Google Translate and similar apps can translate spoken words and written text in real-time. Download the language pack for offline use before you need it. Point your camera at forms to translate them instantly.
Medical Translation Cards
Prepare a card with your medical information translated into the local language. Include conditions, medications (using generic names), allergies, and blood type. Many insurance providers offer these cards.
Your Embassy
Embassies can often provide lists of English-speaking doctors or arrange telephone interpretation. In serious situations, they may send someone to the hospital to assist.
Insurance Assistance Lines
Many international health insurance providers offer 24/7 assistance lines with translators who can speak to medical staff on your behalf. Call them early in the process.
Costs and Insurance Considerations
Emergency care costs vary dramatically by country. In some places, you'll pay nothing at the point of care; in others, you may need to pay upfront and claim reimbursement later.
Low or No Upfront Cost
- • Most EU countries (with EHIC/GHIC)
- • UK NHS emergency departments
- • Spain, Portugal (including non-residents)
- • Australia (reciprocal agreements)
- • Thailand (public hospitals, lower cost)
May Require Upfront Payment
- • United States (can be very expensive)
- • Private hospitals worldwide
- • Japan (partial payment often required)
- • UAE private facilities
- • Countries without reciprocal agreements
Working with Your Insurance
- 1
Call your insurance as soon as possible
Many policies require notification within 24-48 hours. They may be able to arrange direct billing with the hospital.
- 2
Get pre-authorization if required
Some insurers require approval before certain treatments. Ask about this when you call—they can often expedite for emergencies.
- 3
Keep all documentation
Save every receipt, report, and prescription. Get itemized bills in English if possible. Take photos of all documents.
- 4
Understand your coverage limits
Know your deductible, co-pay percentages, and maximum coverage. Medical evacuation coverage is particularly important.
After the Emergency
Once the immediate crisis passes, there are several important follow-up steps to take.
Request complete medical records
Get copies of all test results, diagnoses, and treatment notes. Ask for these in English or get them translated.
Arrange follow-up care
Before leaving the hospital, ask about follow-up appointments, medication schedules, and warning signs to watch for.
Sort out billing promptly
Get itemized bills and submit insurance claims quickly. Some policies have deadlines for claim submission.
Inform your home doctor
Share records with your primary care provider back home for continuity of care.
Country-Specific Differences
Emergency systems reflect each country's broader healthcare approach. Understanding these differences helps set expectations.
European Union
The EHIC/GHIC card gives you access to state healthcare on the same terms as residents. Present it at registration. Quality is generally high, though wait times vary. Private hospitals exist but may not accept the card.
United States
Emergency rooms must treat you regardless of ability to pay, but bills can be substantial—often thousands of dollars. Always have travel insurance with US coverage. Ask for itemized bills and don't hesitate to negotiate.
Southeast Asia
Quality varies significantly between public and private hospitals. International hospitals in major cities (Bangkok, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur) are often excellent but expensive. Rural areas may have limited facilities—insurance with medical evacuation coverage is important.
Middle East
Private hospital quality in places like Dubai and Abu Dhabi is world-class but expensive. Public hospitals may have long waits. Health insurance is mandatory for residents in UAE and some other countries.